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Pacific bluefin tuna
The Pacific bluefin tuna (''Thunnus orientalis'') is a predatory species of tuna found widely in the northern Pacific Ocean, but it is migratory and also recorded as a visitor to the south Pacific.〔
In the past it was often included in ''T. thynnus'', the 'combined' species then known as the northern bluefin tuna (when treated as separate, ''T. thynnus'' is called the Atlantic bluefin tuna).〔Collette, B.B. (1999). ''Mackerels, molecules, and morphology.'' In: Proceedings of the 5th Indo-Pacific Fish Conference, Noumea. pp. 149-164〕 It may reach as much as in length and in weight.
Like the closely related Atlantic bluefin and southern bluefin, the Pacific bluefin is a commercially valuable species and several thousand tonnes are caught each year, making it overfished.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NOAA - FishWatch: Pacific Bluefin Tuna )〕 It is considered threatened by the IUCN and PEW.〔〔The Pew Charitable Trusts: ''(Global Tuna Conservation. )'' Retrieved 8 March 2015.〕 Monterey Bay Aquarium's Seafood Watch program have placed all bluefin tunas on the "Avoid" list,〔Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch. ''(Bluefin tuna. )'' Accessed 30 December 2011〕 and they are also placed on the "Red List" by Greenpeace and the Blue Ocean Institute.〔Greenpeace. ''(Red List Fish. )'' Accessed 30 December 2011〕〔Blue Ocean Institute: ''(Tuna, Bluefin (Hon Maguro). )'' Retrieved 8 March 2015.〕
According to the International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-Like Species in the North Pacific Ocean (ISC) who assessed the stock in 2011 and 2014, Pacific bluefin tuna populations are at 4% what they would be if fishing had never occurred.〔http://isc.ac.affrc.go.jp/pdf/2014_Intercessional/Annex4_Pacific%20Bluefin%20Assmt%20Report%202014-%20June1-Final-Posting.pdf〕
==Physiology==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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